The State of Food and Agriculture

Photos on front cover and page 3: All photos are from the FAO Mediabase. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the map does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Note: Unless otherwise stated, data for China refer to China mainland. iii Contents Foreword vi Acknowledgements viii Abbreviations and acronyms x PART I Livestock in the balance 1 1. Livestock in the balance 3 Livestock sector change 5 Structure of the report and key messages 7 2. Change in the livestock sector 9 Consumption trends and drivers 9 Production trends and drivers 13 Trade trends and drivers 19 Outlook for consumption, production and trade 22 Livestock sector diversity 25 Transformation of livestock systems 27 Challenges from continued livestock sector growth 30 Key messages of the chapter 31 3. Livestock, food security and poverty reduction 32 Livestock and livelihoods 33 Livestock and food security 38 Livestock sector transformation and the poor 42 Livestock and poverty alleviation 43 Competitiveness and the livestock sector 46 Livestock policies for sector transition 50 Key messages of the chapter 52 4. Livestock and the environment 53 Livestock production systems and ecosystems 53 Livestock and climate change 63 Improving natural-resource …